Which phrase from stalin's speech most clearly makes an ad hominem attack?
a) abandon all heedlessness
b) demolition of the enemy
c) self-sacrificingly disputing
d) panic-mongers and rumor-mongers

The answer is D.

Explanation: This is an ad hominem attack because it attacks a group of people directly by calling them names instead of speaking in a respectful way.

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D) panic-mongers and rumor-mongers

Explanation:

The ad hominem attack is a type of fallacy or error in logic reasoning.Iit characterizes for attacking the person that is making an argument instead of focusing on the argument itself. In this type of fallacy, the attack on the person is irrelevant to his argument, it has nothing to do with it.

In option D, Stalin directly attacks someone by suggesting they are liars, these names don't have any support. The attack's purpose is to discredit them and make all their arguments less powerful, no mattering their content.

the pronoun reference replaces a noun, but you have to make sure there's no room for confusion.

in the first sentence "her" could be referring to shely or to the sister. the answer there is "shelly called her sister and told her about the new baby."

in the second sentence "it" could be referring to the roof or the floor. the answer there is "since the roof leaks on the family room floor, we need to repair the roof."