Read this excerpt from the riddle of the rosetta stone by james cross giblin. between the time champollion's books appeared and the end of the nineteenth century, thousands of rolls of papyrus and copies of temple and tomb inscriptions were brought to europe and america. there scholars, using the deciphering methods champollion had pioneered, traced the entire history of writing in egypt. they discovered it had begun about 3100 b. c. when images of important people were first accompanied by hieroglyphs of their names or titles. by 2500 b. c. complete sentences began to appear on tomb inscriptions, along with lists of offerings to the egyptian gods. which answer choice best states a cause-and-effect relationship from the excerpt? cause: champollion published books about his deciphering methods. effect: scholars were able to trace the history of writing in egypt. cause: thousands of rolls of papyrus and copies of temple and tomb inscriptions were brought to europe and america. effect: champollion published books about his deciphering methods. cause: scholars discovered that writing in egypt began in about 3100 bce. effect: images of important people were first accompanied by hieroglyphs of their names or titles. cause: images of important people were first accompanied by hieroglyphs of their names or titles in around 3100 bce. effect: complete sentences had begun to appear on tomb inscriptions by 2500 bce.

Ead the passage from "marriage is a private affair” by chinua achebe. "i shall never see her,” was the reply. from that night the father scarcely spoke to his son. he did not, however, cease hoping that he would realize how serious was the danger he was heading for. day and night he put him in his prayers. nnaemeka, for his own part, was very deeply affected by his father’s grief. but he kept hoping that it would pass away. if it had occurred to him that never in the history of his people had a man married a woman who spoke a different tongue, he might have been less optimistic. "it has never been heard,” was the verdict of an old man speaking a few weeks later. in that short sentence he spoke for all of his people. this man had come with others to commiserate with okeke when news went round about his son’s behaviour. by that time the son had gone back to lagos. "it has never been heard,” said the old man again with a sad shake of his head. "what did our lord say? ” asked another gentleman. "sons shall rise against their fathers; it is there in the holy book.” "it is the beginning of the end,” said another. how does this passage reinforce the traditional social hierarchy? the older men in the village tell okeke that he should respect nnaemeka’s decision. the older men in the village console nnaemeka about okeke’s attitude toward his choices. the older men in the village commiserate with okeke regarding nnaemeka’s decision to disobey him. the older men in the village think that nnaemeka should be optimistic that okeke will accept his decision.

Now long and short works of fiction have different characteristics beyond simply the length of the work. think of a short story that you like and a longer work (novel or novella) that you like. you can use the story and novella from this unit if no other works come to mind quickly. discuss the elements of each work that made it enjoyable to read. what relationship did the form of the work (short story, novella, or novel) have in making it an enjoyable read? what elements of fiction were strongest in the work, and how did they impact your enjoyment of the story? compare the two works you chose. how are they representative of short fiction versus longer forms of fiction?

Discuss how hawthorne uses irony in "young goodman brown" to develop a theme or a character. your answer should be between 250 and 300 words.