How does this excerpt describe the character of rat

Is the sentence “ironically, although approximately seventy-one percent of the earth is covered by water, thirty-three percent of its land area is desert.” a phrase or a clause?

Which excerpt from leo tolstoy's the death of ivan ilyich reflects the author's opinion that the members of the medical profession don't really care about their patients?

Which statement most strongly develops a positive tone? a. i was happy when i received my first paycheck for my hand work. b. winter break is approaching quickly, and i cannot wait to go shopping for gifts. c. going to the beach is one of my favorite activities; i love surfing and paddle boarding. d. a sense of accomplishment overwhelmed me as i stepped into into the stage that sunny, glorious day of graduation.