Which movement started with russian playwrights such as chekhov?

a. realism
b. naturalism
c. darwinism
d. early modernism

The correct answer is A. Realism.

Explanation:

In the second half of the nineteenth century the Russian authors could not ignore the social and political complexity of their country, and they turned everyday life and the common individual into the main theme of their work, currently called Russian Realism.  It is a consequence of the social circumstances of the time:

the correct answer would be:  

a. adverb phrase

frances ellen watkins harper writing was influenced by: b. the education she received growing up in the north.

she was born in baltimore, maryland, on september 24, 1825. after the death of her parents, her uncle reverend william watkins, a teacher at the academy for negro youth, raised and educated her. she also continued educating herself by accessing a library of the family she worked for, beginning writing poetry afterwards. as a civil rights activist and abolitionist, watkins greatly influenced her life and work.