Read the following excerpt from “resinstance to civil government” in which thoreau argues that a person should disobey the government when its laws go against his or her conscience i have never declined paying the highway tax, because i am desirous of being a good neighbor as i am of being a bad subject; and as for supporting schools, i am doing my part to educate my fellow countrymen now. it is for no particular item in the tax bill that i refuse to pay it. i simply wish to refuse allegiance to the state, to withdraw and stand aloof from it effectually. i do not care to trace the course of my dollar, if i could, till it buys a man or a musket to shoot one with, - the dollar is innocent, - but i am concerned to trace the effects of my allegiance. in fact i quietly declare war with the state, after my fashion, though i will still make what use and get what advantage of her i can, as is usual in such cases how does this excerpt best support thoreau’s argument? a) it persuades readers with ethos because he has followed through on his words b) it takes parallelism to highlight the urgency of the matter and makes his argument more persuasive c) it establishes logos by explaining the ways that he has already practice civil disobedience d) it summarizes his overall claim and ends with a strong appeal to pathos.

Read the excerpt from act 1, scene 3, of the tragedy of julius caesar and the background information on the allusion it contains. cassius. and why should caesar be a tyrant then? poor man, i know he would not be a wolf but that he sees the romans are but sheep. he were no lion, were not romans hinds. those that with haste will make a mighty fire begin it with weak straws. what trash is rome? what rubbish, and what offal? when it serves for the base matter to illuminate so vile a thing as caesar! but, o grief, where hast thou led me? i perhaps speak this before a willing bondman: then i know my answer must be made. but i am armed and dangers are to me indifferent. casca. you speak to casca, and to such a man that is no fleering tell-tale. hold, my hand. be factious for redress of all these griefs and i will set this foot of mine as far as who goes farthest. cassius. there’s a bargain made. now know you, casca, i have moved already some certain of the noblest-minded romans to undergo with me an enterprise of honourable dangerous consequence. and i do know by this, they stay for me in pompey’s porch. for now this fearful night there is no stir or walking in the streets; and the complexion of the element in favour’s like the work we have in hand, most bloody, fiery, and most terrible. background information: gnaeus pompeius magnus, known in english as pompey the great, was a roman general and political leader. together with caesar and crassus, pompey ruled as a member of the first roman triumvirate. as a leader, pompey was a capable administer and worked to rome grow and prosper. among other projects, he built a large amphitheater in rome. this amphitheater was named after him, and its annex became known as pompey’s porch. during this time, pompey married caesar’s daughter, julia. after her death, however, pompey and caesar began to grow apart, and within a few years, pompey sided with the senate against caesar. war followed. in 48 bce, pompey’s armies were defeated, and he was murdered by former allies who were afraid of caesar’s power. which statement best explains the meaning added by the allusion in this excerpt? a. alluding to pompey’s porch reminds the audience of the importance of pompey to roman culture and wealth, in contrast to caesar’s brutality. b. the allusion to pompey’s porch shows that the conspirators have chosen a meeting place with significance to them and one they are all familiar with. c. alluding to pompey invokes the history of his opposition to caesar, showing that the conspirators in the play are part of a longstanding battle against a tyrant. d. the allusion to pompey references his long and changing relationship with caesar, indicating that caesar is capable not only of being an enemy but also of being an ally.