Select all that apply. a participle may be used as a(n): linking verb object of a preposition predicate nominative appositive adjective complement subject indirect object

Participles can be classified in past and present; for example:  

With regular verbs such as help:

Present Participle: Helping

Past Participle: Helped

With irregular verbs such as bring:

Present participle: Bringing

Past participle: Brought  

Then, option 5 (Adjective complement) is not correct because participles can be used as adjectives for example in this sentence:

The walking men  

But the function of the participle walking would be pre-modifier of the noun men, not adjective complement.  

The correct options are object of a preposition (2), subject (6) and indirect object (7) and the participles in these cases are used as noun. Whenever a present participle is functioning as a noun, it is called gerund.  For example:

Marcus decided to shut up instead of criticizing his friend. (Object of a preposition)

Running exhausts John (Subject)

We gave bungee jumping a chance (Indirect object)

two factors or characteristics of a chapter that might make it difficult to read would be words i don't understand, or if i don't fully understand what's going on in the chapter. strategies i can use to get through the difficult material would be a dictionary, and re-reading previous chapters to get a better grasp of what the author is trying to say.