Say whether each of the following is an instance of vagueness, structural ambiguity, or semantic ambiguity. 1. rodney broke the barn windows with his little sister. 2. the constitution says that all men are created equal, but we aren’t all equal. some people are short or tall, some work hard and some work less hard, and some are poor and some are rich. 3. because the panda eats shoots and leaves, you should watch out for weapons when you see one at lunch.

1. Rodney broke the barn windows with his little sister. Structural ambiguity

2. The constitution says that all men are created equal, but we aren’t all equal. Some people are short or tall, some work hard and some work less hard, and some are poor and some are rich. Vagueness

3. Because the panda eats shoots and leaves, you should watch out for weapons when you see one at lunch. Semantic ambiguity

In example 1) “Rodney broke the barn windows with his little sister”; the sentence has structural ambiguity since it can have two meaning. The first one is that Rodney broke the window using her sister as a tool whereas the second meaning is that Rodney broke the window accompanied by her sister.  

In example 2) “The constitution says that all men are created equal, but we aren’t all equal. Some people are short or tall, some work hard and some work less hard, and some are poor and some are rich”, the sentence is vague since it does not have a clear and specific meaning. When it refers to tall or short people, it does not say which is the parameter for tall or short.  

In example 3) “Because the panda eats shoots and leaves, you should watch out for weapons when you see one at lunch”; the sentence has semantic ambiguity since the word “shoots” is used with different meanings. In the first part of the sentence “shoots” is associated with its biological definition as it is a type of food pandas eat whereas in the second part of the sentence, “shoots” is linked to weapons, killing and bullets. These two different meanings on the same word cause semantic ambiguity in the sentence.  

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

which lines ? : )

explanation: