What is satyagraha? a bitter drink the name given to gandhi a part of a hindu wedding ceremony the form of civil disobedience introduced by gandhi

The correct answer is option four.

In 1906 Gandhi introduced the term "satyagraha," which means "insistence in the truth," "soul force" or "truth force." He used the word to refer to the systematic and strategic civil struggle, resistance and disobedience, with moral and political purposes, and with a spiritual aspect.

The correct answer is the last one:

 Satyagraha is he form of civil disobedience introduced by Gandhi.

Satyagraha in Hindi means ‘holding onto truth’ and it is a concept introduced by Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948) in the beginning of the 20th century. The concept of Satyagraha can be defined as a nonviolent resistance to evil, adn the main goal is not to injure the enemy in any way. Satyagraha became a useful tool for the Indian independence movement and also against the struggle against British imperialism. The Satyagraha philosophy had a great influence in the whole world and even inspired Martin Luther King Jr. during the Civil Rights Movement as well as other important movements seeking the protection of human rights, equality and justice for minorities.  

The aim of Satyagraha is to overcome an evil situation by achieving a nonviolence state of the mind. One way to achieve this state is to refuse cooperating with the person producing an unjust situation, and seeking the truth with a spirit of peace and love. The Satyagraha’s philosophy states that this is the only process that could reveal the truth. Therefore, Satyagraha offers an effective opposition to injustice and tyranny. There are a lot of techniques of Satyagraha, and some are non-cooperation, fasting, strike and civil disobedience.

Although there exist some critics to this movement, in 1917, the first Satyagraha campaign had place in the district of Champaran, in which economic boycotts were used repeatedly, without using violence, until 1947, when the British left the country.  

faulty parallelism is a grammar construction where there is no balance in the parts of a sentence they have a similar meaning but the grammar structure is not equivalent.

the correct version of this faulty parallelism in the sentence is:

jefferson wrote the declaration of independence, and he was the nation's third president.

the problem with the first version is that the sentence:

"jefferson was both the writer of the declaration of independence"

presents jefferson as both a subject and an agent for the verb "write" because if he was "the writer" then the declaration of independence was written by him, besides that fact, the sentence presents a dependent clause.

while the second sentence:

he was the nation's third president.

presents a basic subject+verb+object structure

so, to give a proper balance to the structure, or better said, to give a parallel structure, we must write a basic s+v+o structure in both sentences:

jefferson wrote the declaration of independence, and he was the nation third president.