We now know that supermassive black holes are common in the cores of galaxies. for some galaxies, a suspiciously high luminosity in a suspiciously small volume provides the needed smoking gun, but the actual luminosity depends heavily on whether stars and gas are available for the black hole to shear them apart. other galaxies may have one too, in spite of an unremarkable central luminosity. these black holes may have already eaten all the surrounding stars and gas, leaving no evidence behind. but stars near the center, in close orbit to the black hole (not too close to be consumed), will have sharply increased speeds. these speeds, when combined with the stars’ distance from the center of the galaxy, are a direct measure of the total mass contained within their orbits. armed with these data, we can use the back of an envelope to calculate whether the attracting central mass is, indeed, concentrated enough to be a black hole. —“death by black hole,” neil degrasse tyson identify the two messages tyson conveys within this passage. a) our universe is filled with powerful but fascinating objects. b) stars near the center of a galaxy move at very high speeds. c) despite the complexity of the universe, humans can understand how it works. d) some galaxies have a black hole at their center that eats stars.

A) Our universe is filled with powerful but fascinating objects and C) Despite the complexity of the universe, humans can understand how it works.

Explanation: In the given excerpt from  “Death by Black Hole” by Neil deGrasse Tyson, we can see a description of how black holes are common in the cores of galaxies, and how their luminosity depends on the availability of stars and gas around the black hole, in addition to this explanation, the messages that Tyson conveys within this passage are that our universe is filled with powerful but fascinating objects (like black holes, stars or galaxies) and that despite the complexity of the universe, humans can understand how it works (he expresses this idea by saying that we can use the back of an envelope to calculate whether the attracting central mass is, indeed, concentrated enough to be a black hole).

a) Our universe is filled with powerful but fascinating objects.  

c) Despite the complexity of the universe, humans can understand how it works.  

Explanation:

Death by Black Hole is an accumulation of essays that Tyson has composed for Natural History magazine since the mid-1990s. These articles bargain basically, however not solely, with different parts of space science, from the nearby planetary group to astrobiology to the title exposition.

A bunch of papers towards the finish of the book manage the convergence of science with both religion and culture. In each paper, Tyson utilizes history, science, individual experience, and more to adequately impart standards of cosmology in a way effectively comprehended, and delighted in, by the layman.

they bound logs together and built a raft. enkidu steered it down the great river. gilgamesh carried humbaba's head.