Sir how to calculate QUANTITY of steel in this drawing. With formula of length/spacing+1 is not correct. please tell me how is calculated in this drawing

Acarnot refrigerator operates in a room in which the temperature is 21°c and of power when operating. if the food compartment of the refrigerator is consumes 3 kw to be maintained at 2°c, determine (a) the coefficient of performance of the cycle and (b) the rate of heat removal from the food compartment. refrigerator cycle that has a higher coefficient of performance than that of the discussed (e) is it possible to develop a carn ot refrigerator, operating between the same temperature limits? explain

Aload of 10kn is to be suddenly applied to the free end of a vertical rod of length 500 mm, the upper end being rigidly fixed. 190 mechanical science what should the diameter of the rod be if the maximum stress in the rod is not to exceed 100 mpa? the tensile modulus of the rod is 205 gpa.

Water flows at the rate of 200 i/s upwards through a tapered vertical pipe. the diameter at marks(3) clo5) the bottom is 240 mm and at the top 200 mm and the length is 5m. the pressure at the bottom is 8 bar, and the pressure at the topside is 7.3 bar. determine the head loss through the pipe. express it as a function of exit velocity head.