Write mathematical expressions the describe AM, FM, and Phase-modulated (PM) signals. Explain, in one sentence, the key distinction between FM and PM. Hint: it involves how the modulation index depends on frequency. So, review the parameters modulation index and deviation.

What difference(s) did you notice using a pneumatic circuit over hydraulic circuit.explain why the pneumatic piston stumbles when it hits an obstacle.

Describe one experiment in which the glass transition temperature and melting temperature of a totally amorphous thermoplastic material can be determined. show the relevant experimental results in a diagram which should be properly annotated with the two temperatures clearly marked. what is likely to happen to the curve in the diagram if the amorphous polymer is replaced by a thermosetting type?

For a gate width of 2 m into the paper, determine the force required to hold the gate abc at its location.