Transients (surges) on a line can cause spikes or surges of energy that can damage delicate electronic components. A SPD device contains one or more than bypass and absorb the energy of the transient.

Atank with constant volume contains 2.27 kg of a mixture of water phases (liquid-vapor). in the initial state the temperature and the quality are 127 °c and 0.6, respectively. the mixture is heated until the temperature of 160 oc is reached. illustrate the process in a t-v diagram. then, determine (1) the mass of the vapor in kg at the initial state, (2) the final pressure in kpa.