Vanadium melts at 1720oC. The activity coefficient of vanadiumat infinite dilution in liquid iron at 1620oC is 0.069 w. r.t. the Raoultian standard state. Calculate the free energy change accompanying the transfer of standard state from pure solid vanadium to the infinitely dilute wt% solution of V in pure ironat 1620oC. Given: heat of fusion of V = 4800 cal/g atom; MFe= 55.85 and MV= 50.95.

Amixture of slurry and mud is to be pumped through a horizontal pipe of diameter 500 mm. the fluid behaves as a bingham plastic with a yield stress of 30 pa and viscosity 0.04 pa.s. describe the effects of the shear stress through a transverse section of the pipe by plotting the variation in shear stress and velocity profile: (i) just before the slurry starts to move (ii) as the slurry flows when the pressure gradient is double that in part (i)