Consider a mass of air (perfect gas), m = 10 kg cooled isochorically (constant volume) from the initial state(P1= 1MPa, T1= 200℃). If the temperature of the surroundingsisT2= 27℃. Determine the entropy change of theair, the surroundings, and the universe.

An ideal otto cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8. the minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 300 k and 1340 k. use constant specific heats at room temperature to determine (a) the amount of heat transferred to the air during the heat- addition kj/kg, (b) the thermal efficiency, and (c) the thermal efficiency of a carnot cycle ope limits. process, in rating between the same temperature