A sand deposit contains three distinct horizontal layers of equal thickness. The hydraulic conductivity of the upper and lower layers is 10-3 cm/sec and that of the middle is 10-2 cm/sec. What are the equivalent values of the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities of the three layers, and What is their ratio?

Awall of 0.5m thickness is to be constructed from a material which has average thermal conductivity of 1.4 w/mk. the wall is to be insulated with a material having an average thermal conductivity of 0.35 w/mk so that heat loss per square meter shall not exceed 1450 w. assume inner wall surface temperature of 1200°c and outer surface temperature of the insulation to be 15°c. calculate the thickness of insulation required.