Derive the transfer and refractive matrix

Explain the difference laminar and turbulent flow. explain it with the shear stress and the velocity profiles.

Aloaded platform of total mass 500 kg is supported by a dashpot and by a set of springs of effective stiffness 72 kn/m. it is observed that when the platform is depressed through a distance x = 12.5 cm below its equilibrium position and then released without any initial velocity; it reaches its equilibrium position in the shortest possible time without overshoot. find the position and velocity of the loaded platform 0.10 sec. after its release. if a further load of 400 kg is added to the platform, find, i) the frequency of damped vibrations, and i) the amplitude of vibration after 2 complete oscillations, given that the initial amplitude is 15 cm.

Thermal stresses are developed in a metal when its a) initial temperature is changed b) final temperature is changed c) density is changed d) thermal deformation is prevented e) expansion is prevented f) contraction is prevented