Estimate the chronic daily intake of toluene from exposure to a city water supply that contains a toluene concentration equal to the drinking water standard of 1 mg · L−1. Assume the exposed individual is an adult female who consumes water at the adult rate for 70 years, that she abhors swimming, and that she takes a long (20 minute) bath every day. Assume that the average air concentration of toluene during the bath is 1 µg · m−3. Assume the dermal uptake from water (PC) is 9.0 × 10−6 m · h−1 and that direct dermal absorption during bathing is no more than 80% of the available toluene because she is not completely submerged. Use the EPA lifetime exposure of 75 years.

the total chronic daily intake is  0.03296 mg/ kg.d  

Explanation:

First of  we have to determine the CDI due to ingestion of drinking water

so

CDI = (C x IR x EF x ED) / (BW x AT)     let leave this as equation 1

where C is the concentration of the life time risk of drinking water(1.0mg/L)

ED is the risk dying per year((70),

EF is the number of days per year(365 day/year)

BW is the weight of body(65.4)kg

AT is the average tenure time of life(75years)

IR = 2.3 L/days

so we substitute

CDI₁ = (1(mg/L) x 2.3(L/day) x 365 x 70) / (65.4 x 365 x 75)

= 3.29 x 10⁻² mg/kg.d  

next we determine the CDI due to dermal contact with water.  

find the ingestion rate which is equal to the exposure time in hour/day.

IR = ET

(20 min/day) /  (60 min/hour)

= 0.333 h/day

now lets substitute for CD1₂

1.0 mg/L for C , 0.333 h/day for m , 365 day/year for EF, 70 year for ED, 65.4 kg for Bw , and 75 year for AT

0.8 for submergence and 1.69m² for area of skin of adult female in our equation 1

CDI₂ = [(1 mg/1) × (1.69 m²) × (9.0 x 10⁻⁶(m/h)) × 0.333(h/day) x 365 x 70)) / (65.4 x 365 x 75)]  × ( 0.8 x 10³ L/m³)

CDI₂ = 5.41 x 10⁻⁵ mg/kg.d  

now we find the CDI due to inhalation during bath

we substitute 1.0 mg/L for C, 11.3m³/day for IR , 365 day/year for EF , 70 year for ED. 65.4 kg for BW , and 75 year for AT in our equation 1

CDI₃ = [( 1ug/m³ × 1mg/10³ug) x (11.3m³/day x 1day/24 hr) x 365 x 70)] / (65.4 kg x 365 x 75 )

= 6.71 x 10⁻⁶ mg/kg.d

finally we Calculate the total chronic daily intake value

CDI_total = CDI₁ + CDI₂ + CDI₃  

we substitute

CDI_total = 3.29 x 10⁻² + 5.41 x 10⁻⁵ + 6.71 x 10⁻⁶

= 0.03296 mg/kg.d  

so the total chronic daily intake is  0.03296 mg/ kg.d  

answer:

okay

explanation: