The steam requirements of a manufacturing facility are being met by a boiler whose rated heat input is 5.5 x 106 Btu/h. The combustion efficiency of the boiler is measured to be 0.65. After tuning up the boiler, the combustion efficiency rises to 0.75. The boiler operates 4000 hours a year intermittently. Take the unit cost of energy to be $4.35/106 Btu. Assuming the same heat output for before and after the tunning:.

Along 8-cm diameter steam pipe whose external surface temperature is 900c connects two buildings. the pipe is exposed to ambient air at 70c with a wind speed of 50 km/hr blowing across the pipe. determine the heat loss from the pipe per unit length. (b) air at 500c enters a section of a rectangular duct (15 cm x 20 cm) at an average velocity of 7 m/s. if the walls of the duct are maintained at 100c. a) the length of the tube for an exit temperature of the air to be 40 0c. b)the rate of heat transfer from the air. c) the fan power needed to overcome the pressure drop in this section of the duct.