A procedure is conducted to observe the buffering capacity of a formic acid/sodium formate solution at pH-4.0. Consider the errors that may occur during this procedure and determine whether each error would affect the pH (or apparent pH) of the buffer solution, the buffering capacity of the solution, both values, or neither value. a. pH/apparent
b. pH and buffering capacity
c. Apparent pH Buffering capacity
d. Neither
A. Formic acid is unavailable, so acetic acid and sodium formate are used to prepare the buffer,
B. The pH meter is not calibrated before being used.
C. The pH probe is not rinsed after calibration with the pH=7 standard solution.
D. A 0.01 M buffer solution is prepared instead of a 0.1 M buffer solution.
E. The overall solution molarity is correct, but the ratio of sodium formate to formic acid concentrations is off by 5%.