Explain the effect of heat transfer, reversibilities and irreversibilities on changes in entropy

Answer is given below

Explanation:

The second law of thermodynamics states that in the reversible process, the entropy of the universe is constant, while in the unchanging process, such as the transfer of heat from a hot object to a cold object, the reflection of the universe increases. ΔS = ΔQ ÷ T   The irreversible process increases the entropy of the universe. Since entropy is a state function, the change in entropy of the system is the same, the process is reversible or irreversible. The second law of thermodynamics can be used to determine whether a process is reversible. for an irreversible process, ΔS is not same as reversible process, because more than 1 reversible process is required for 2  ΔS to be equal.if the initial and final states are the same, ΔS for an irreversible process can be calculated as if it were a reversible process.If the initial and final condition is same then ΔS can find out for irreversible process even if it were reversible process