2. The block is released from rest at the position shown, figure 1. The coefficient of kinetic friction over length ab is 0.22, and over length bc is 0.16. Using the
principle of work and energy, find the velocity with which the block passes
position c.
(5 marks)

Velocity = 4.73 m/s.

Explanation:

Work done by friction is;

W_f = frictional force × displacement

So; W_f = Ff * Δs = (μF_n)*Δs

where; magnitude of the normal force F_n is equal to the component of the weight perpendicular to the ramp i.e; F_n = mg*cos 24

Over the distance ab, Potential Energy change mgΔh transforms into a change in Kinetic energy and the work of friction, so;

mg(3 sin 24) = ΔKE1 + (0.22)*(mg cos 24) *(3).

Similarly, Over the distance bc, potential energy mg(2 sin 24) transforms to;

ΔKE2 + (0.16)(mg cos 24)(2).

Plugging in the relevant values, we have;

1.22mg = ΔKE1 + 0.603mg

ΔKE1 = 1.22mg - 0.603mg

ΔKE1 = 0.617mg

Also,

0.813mg = ΔKE2 + 0.292mg

ΔKE2 = 0.813mg - 0.292mg

ΔKE2 = 0.521mg

Now total increase in Kinetic Energy is ΔKE1 + ΔKE2

Thus,

Total increase in kinetic energy = 0.617mg + 0.521m = 1.138mg

Putting 9.81 for g to give;

Total increase in kinetic energy = 11.164m

Finally, if v = 0 m/s at point a, then at point c, KE = ½mv² = 11.164m

m cancels out to give; ½v² = 11.164

v² = 2 × 11.164

v² = 22.328

v = √22.328

v = 4.73 m/s.

energy can cross the boundaries of a closed system in the form of heat and mass

explanation: