G A steel water pipe has an inner diameter of 12 in. and a wall thickness of 0.25 in. Determine the longitudinal and hoop stresses developed in the wall of the pipe at point B for the two cases below. Also, for each case draw the state of stress on a volume element located on the wall at point B. (a) The valve A is opened and the flowing water has a pressure of 200 psi. (b) The valve A is closed and the water pressure is 250 psi.

a)

b)

Explanation:

Given that:

diameter d = 12 in

thickness t = 0.25 in

the radius = d/2 = 12 / 2 = 6 in

r/t = 6/0.25 = 24

24 > 10

Using the  thin wall cylinder formula;

The valve A is opened and the flowing water has a pressure P of 200 psi.

So;

b)The valve A is closed and the water pressure P is 250 psi.

where P = 250 psi

The free flow body diagram showing the state of stress on a volume element located on the wall at point B is attached in the diagram below

the clapeyron equation (also called the clausius-clapeyron equation) relates the slope of a reaction line on a phase diagram to fundamental thermodynamic properties.

explanation: