A pipeline constructed of carbon steel failed after 3 years operation. On examination it was found that the wall thickness had been reduced by corrosion to about half the original value. The pipeline was constructed of nominal 100 mm (4 in) schedule 40 pipe, inside diameter 102.3 mm (4.026 in), outside diameter 114.3 mm (4.5 in). Estimate the rate of corrosion in ipy and mm per year.

1in2 processor chip can be modelled as an isothermal plane wall of silicon, isothermal on both sides. the power input to the bottom of the plane wall, or the processing power of the chip, often called the thermal design power (tdp), is 100w. assume the periphery is adiabatic. the silicon is 400 microns thick. the temperature at the junction, or in this case on the bottom of the isothermal plane wall, is 85°c. what is the top surface temperature, assuming that the only mode of heat transfer is conduction