Determine the stoichiometric and actual air-fuel ratios and the mole flue gas composition for combustion with 15% excess air for raw indiana, pennsylvania raw coal.
Precipitation hardening can be achieved in many light alloys by a three-step heat treatment. what is carried out and what is the purpose at each step? why is such a treatment necessary based on the nucleation and growth theory of phase transformation. compare this treatment with tempering martensite for carbon steels (similarities and differences).