Refrigerant 134a enters a horizontal pipe operating at steady state at 50°C, 450 kPa and a velocity of 46.1 m/s. At the exit, the temperature is 60 °C and the pressure is 220 kPa. The pipe diameter is 0.04 m. Determine the rate of heat transfer between the pipe and its surroundings, in kW.

Aseries piping system conveys methyl alcohol. the system consists of 70 m of 1- nominal pipe follow by 50 m of 2-nominal pipe, both schedule 40 commercial steel. the 1-nominal pipe contains 3 90° elbows (regular) anda fully open gate valve, all threaded. the pressure drop through the system is 150 kpa. determine the volume flow rate through the system that is horizontally laid.