Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas undergoes a process in a closed system from T1 5 1008F, p1 5 20 lbf/in.2 to T2 5 4008R, p2 5 50 lbf/in.2 The entropy produced due to internal irreversibilities during the process is determined to be 0.15 Btu/8R per lb of gas. The carbon dioxide can be modeled as an ideal gas. Determine if the energy transfer by heat, Q, is positive (into the system), negative (out of the system), or zero.