A thermocouple behaves approximately as a first-order system. The element is initially at a temperature of 40°C and suddenly subjected to a temperature of 80°C. The thermocouple indicates a temperature 60°C after 3 s. How long will it take for the system to reach 99% of steady-state?

The higher the astm grain-size number, the coarser the grain is. a)-true b)-false

Refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a refrigerator as superheated vapor at 0.14 mpa and -10°c at a rate of 0.05 ka/s and leaves at 0.8 mpa and 50°c. the refrigerant is cooied in the condenser to 0.72 mpa and 26'c. it is then throttled to 0.15 mpa. sketch the t-s diagram for the system and evaluate: 6) the rate of heat removai from the refrigerated space (kw), it) the power input to the compressor (kw), ii) the isentropic efficiency of the compressor (%), and iv) the cop of the refrigerator.

Water vapor initially at 10 bar and 400 °c is contained within a piston-cylinder assembly. the water lost heat to the surrounding according to isochoric (iso-volumetric) process until its temperature is 150 °c. the water is then condensed isothermally to saturated liquid. for the water as a system, calculate the work in kj/kg