What is the magnitude of the maximum stress that exists at the tip of an internal crack having a radius of curvature of 3 × 10-4 mm (1.181 × 10-5 in.) and a crack length of 2.5 × 10-2 mm (0.9843 × 10-3 in.) when a tensile stress of 170 MPa (24660 psi) is applied?

Apiping systems consists of 6 m of 6-std type k and 12 m of 4-std type k, both drawn copper tubing. the system conveys ethylene glycol at a rate of 0.013 m3/s. the pressure drop across the system is to be calculated. there are two 90° elbows in the 6-in pipe, a reduction from the 6-in pipe to the 4-in pipe and four 90° elbows in the 4-in pipe. all fittings are soldered (same as flanged) and regular. the inlet and outlet of the system are at the same height.