D 4.37. Assuming the availability of diodes for which vD = 0.75 V at iD = 1mA, design a circuit that utilizes four diodes connected in series, in series with a resistor R connected to a 15-V power supply. The voltage across the string of diodes is to be 3.3 V.

Consider a large isothermal enclosure that is maintained at a uniform temperature of 2000 k. calculate the emissive power of the radiation that emerges from a small aperture on the enclosure surface. what is the wavelength ? , below which 10% of the emission is concentrated? what is the wavelength ? 2 above which 10% of the emission is concentrated? determine the wavelength at which maximum spectral emissive power occurs. what is the irradiation incident on a small object placed inside the enclosure?