A horizontal pipe has an abrupt expansion from D1 5 8 cm to D2 5 16 cm. The water velocity in the smaller section is 10 m/s and the flow is turbulent. The pressure in the smaller section is P1 5 410 kPa. Taking the kinetic energy correction factor to be 1.06 at both the inlet and the outlet, determine the downstream pressure P2, and estimate the error that would have occurred if Bernoulli’s equation had been used.

 Explanation:  Application of the bernoulli's equation comes in from conservation of mass flow.  The cross sectional area of the two pipes are calculated. from A = πD²/4 The velocity of water from conservation of mass flow is also calculated ; V2 = Ac1V1/Ac2 The Loss coefficient is then calculated from KL = (1 - Ac1²/Ac2²)² Then the head Loss (hL) is calculated  The detailed calculated and appropriate steps is as shown in the attached files.

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