To prevent icing over wings of an airplane, some heating panels are attached in the inner layers of the wing (as a heat source). The heating power is required that the lowest temperature on the wing surface must exceed a critical value (below which icing may occur).
(1) Establish a complete model for computational hydrodynamics and heat transfer if the flow is turbulent (using k-ε model); discuss the equation closure.
(2) List all boundary conditions of (1), and, for numerical simulations of this problem, how to use wall functions?