The outer surface of a spacecraft in space has an emissivity of 0.6 and an absorptivity of 0.2 for solar radiation. If solar radiation is incident on the spacecraft at a rate of 1200 W/m2, determine the surface temperature of the spacecraft when the radiation emitted equals the solar energy absorbed. The surface temperature of the spacecraft when the radiation emitted equals the solar energy absorbed is K.

For each of the following process: a) sketch the p-v diagram, b)sketch t-s diagram, c) sketch t-v diagram, d) sketch the boundary work on one of the diagrams (a, b or c) and e) sketch the reversible heat transfer on one of the diagrams (a, b or c): 1- isobaric process from compressed liquid to superheated vapor 2- isothermal process from compressed liquid to superheated vapor 3- isentropic process from compressed liquid to superheated vapor

The proportional limit is always greater than the yield strength for a material. a)-trune b)- false

Explain the strain-hardening phenomenon on the basis of dislocation - dislocation strain field interactions. also, briefly describe what generally happens to the ductility of a metal that has been strain hardened (i.e. does strain hardening make a metal more ductile or