In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75 degree c as it moves at 0.2 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. a uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. if the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? if fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile. what is the surface temperature at the tube exit and at a distance of 0.5 m from the entrance? fluid properties may be approximated as p = 1000 kg/m, c = 4000 j/kg. k. m = 2 x 10^-3 kg/s. m, k = 0.8 w/m. k, and pr = 10. provide step-by-step work and a final answer. i will award points immediately.

Acommercial grade cubical freezer, 4 m on a side, has a composite wall consisting of an exterior sheet of 5.0-mm thick plain carbon steel (kst= 60.5 w/m k), an intermediate layer of 100-mm thick polyurethane insulation (kins 0.02 w/m k), and an inner sheet of 5.0- mm thick aluminium alloy (kal polyurethane insulation and both metallic sheets are each characterized by a thermal contact resistance of r 2.5 x 104 m2 k/w. (a) what is the steady-state cooling load that must be maintained by the refrigerator under conditions for which the outer and inner surface temperatures are 25°c and -5°c, respectively? (b) for power saving purpose, which wall material should be increased/reduced in. thickness in order to reduce 50% of the cooling load found in part (a)? redesign the thickness of the proposed material. 177 w/m-k). adhesive interfaces between the q=575.93 w