On a date when the earth was 147.4x106 km from the sun, a spacecraft parked in a 200 km altitude circular earth orbit was launched directly into an elliptical orbit around the sun with perihelion of 120x106km and aphelion equal to the earth’s distance from the sun on the launch date. calculate the ∆v required and v[infinity] of the departure hyperbola.

Steel is coated with a thin layer of ceramic to protect against corrosion. what do you expect to happen to the coating when the temperature of the steel is increased significantly? explain.

Air is to be cooled in the evaporator section of a refrigerator by passing it over a bank of 0.8-cm-outer-diameter and 0.4-m-long tubes inside which the refrigerant is evaporating at -20°c. air approaches the tube bank in the normal direction at 0°c and 1 atm with a mean velocity of 4 m/s. the tubes are arranged in-line with longitudinal and transverse pitches of sl- st 1.5 cm. there are 30 rows in the flow direction with 15 tubes in each row. determine (a) the refrigeration capacity of this system and (b) pressure drop across the tube bank. evaluate the air properties at an assumed mean temperature of -5°c and 1 atm. is this a good assumption?

An ideal otto cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8. the minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 300 k and 1340 k. use constant specific heats at room temperature to determine (a) the amount of heat transferred to the air during the heat- addition kj/kg, (b) the thermal efficiency, and (c) the thermal efficiency of a carnot cycle ope limits. process, in rating between the same temperature