On july 23, 1983, air canada flight 143 required 22,300 kg of jet fuel to fly from montreal to edmonton. the density of jet fuel is 0.803 g/ml, or 1.77 lb/l. the plane had 7682 l of fuel on board in montreal. the ground crew there multiplied the 7682 l by the factor 1.77(without units) and concluded that they had 13,597 kg of fuel on board and needed an additional 8703 kg by the factor 1.77(again without units) and concluded they needed to add 4916 l of fuel. they added 5000l. on its flight, the plane ran out of fuel and crash-landed near winnipeg, hundreds of kilometers short of its destination. (there were few injuries and no fatalities.) what mistake did the ground crew make? how much fuel(in l) should they have added before takeoff?

20, 083 L

Explanation:

The mistake was the result of not using units when converting the 7862 l to Kg. They used the density in pounds hence they multiplied by 1.77 Lb/L and obtained 13597 Lb not Kg as they assumed.

To obtain the amount needed to refuel they subtracted this quantity from the 22,300 Kg required for the trip again obtaining the wrong quantity of 8703 Kg and they converted this to liters by dividing the density to get 4916 L and then placed then 5000 L of fuel

The quantity required was

7862 L * 1.77 Lb/L = 13915.74 Lb (pounds not kilos)

then converting this pounds to Kg by multiplying by  0.454 Kg/L one gets

6173 Kg on board

Amount Required

( 22,300 -6173)  :  16127 Kg

16127 Kg/ 0.803 Kg/L =  20083 L

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