It is to think in terms of two basic kinds of change: piecemeal and systemic. piecemeal change leaves the structure of a system unchanged. it often involves finding better ways to meet the same needs, such as using an analogy to your students learn the science concepts you taught in an otherwise similar manner last year. in contrast, systemic change entails modifying the structure of a system, usually in response to new needs. references: reigeluth, c. m. (1999). what is instructional-design theory and how is it changing?

What difference(s) did you notice using a pneumatic circuit over hydraulic circuit.explain why the pneumatic piston stumbles when it hits an obstacle.

Find the minimum film thickness for a journal bearing with the data below. shaft diameter, d-50 mm, clearance ratio, cdratio? 0.001, shaft speed, n 2000 rpm; bearing length. i 200 mm; eccentricity ration, ? -0.55. ( note, cdratio-ca/d) the minimum film thickness is um

Along 8-cm diameter steam pipe whose external surface temperature is 900c connects two buildings. the pipe is exposed to ambient air at 70c with a wind speed of 50 km/hr blowing across the pipe. determine the heat loss from the pipe per unit length. (b) air at 500c enters a section of a rectangular duct (15 cm x 20 cm) at an average velocity of 7 m/s. if the walls of the duct are maintained at 100c. a) the length of the tube for an exit temperature of the air to be 40 0c. b)the rate of heat transfer from the air. c) the fan power needed to overcome the pressure drop in this section of the duct.