Two 25-cm diameter horizontal parallel pipes, separated by a vertical distance of 8 m, are connected by a u-shaped bend of the same size.. water enters the lower end of the bend at the rate of 88.2 kg/s with a pressure of 92.4 kpa. determine the horizontal force exerted by the flow on the bend.

Estimate the change in specific internal energy au and specific enthalpy h from inlet to outlet for ethylene glycol (a liquid) flowing through each of the following devices: (a) a heat exchanger where the glycol temperature increases from 20 °c to 80 °c; (b) a pump operating at about 25 °c and increasing the glycol pressure from 100 kpa to 8 mpa.