Why can we use linear elastic fracture mechanics, lefm, for many metals even if they plastically deform?

Apipe with an outside diameter of 15 cm is exposed to an ambient air and surrounding temperature of -20°c. the pipe has an outer surface temperature of 65°c and an emissivity of 0.85. if the rate of heat loss from the pipe surface is 0.95 kw per meter of length, the external convective heat transfer coefficient (h) is: (a) 12.5 w/m"k (b) 18.6 w/mk (c) 23.7 w/mk (d) 27.9 w/mk (e) 33.5 w/mk

Calculate the bore of a cylinder that has a stroke of 18 inches and an extension time of 6 seconds at a flow rate of 4 gal/min.

Along 8-cm diameter steam pipe whose external surface temperature is 900c connects two buildings. the pipe is exposed to ambient air at 70c with a wind speed of 50 km/hr blowing across the pipe. determine the heat loss from the pipe per unit length. (b) air at 500c enters a section of a rectangular duct (15 cm x 20 cm) at an average velocity of 7 m/s. if the walls of the duct are maintained at 100c. a) the length of the tube for an exit temperature of the air to be 40 0c. b)the rate of heat transfer from the air. c) the fan power needed to overcome the pressure drop in this section of the duct.