During casting and solidification, shrinkage includes: a)-liquid contraction during cooling prior to solidification. b)-contraction during the phase change from liquid to solid. c)-thermal contraction during cooling to room temperature. d)-all of the above e)-none of the above

(d) all of the above

Explanation:

The option (a) (b) and (c) all are the process of the casting and solidification shrinkage, all the three process are done one by one in casting and solidification shrinkage.

there are mainly three stages in casting and solidification shrinkage these are

so from given conclusion it is clear that the statement of option a b and c are correct so the option d will be the correct option

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explanation:

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