The following two problems are broken into two parts each. The first part is fill-in-the-blank, which can be auto-graded. The second part is essay, which is where you should show your work. Canvas will auto-grade the fill-in-the-blank problems, and the graders will use the essay problems for partial credit--if earned--when Canvas marks a problem wrong. Bit ranges should be given inclusive on both ends; that is, if you were asked to provide the bit ranges for IEEE754 32-bit floating point, sign would encompass bits 31-31, exponent 30-23, and mantissa 22-0. A 1-MB direct-mapped cache has 256-byte lines. The system has 32-bit addresses, with bits numbered from 0 (least significant) to 31 (most significant).

Requried:
What bit ranges are associated with each of the offset, index, and tag fields of an address?