Computer professionals sometimes encounter situations in which the right course of action requires a decision based on evaluating what's right and wrong. Professional refers to on-the-job choices and actions that reflect a person's values. Ethical decisions should take into account applicable , such as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Laws and ethics are not the same thing, however, and sometimes following the letter of the law does not result in ethical behavior. Situations that require computer professionals to make ethical decisions often involve software copyrights, privacy, conflict of interest, use of work computers, software quality, hacking, and social . Ethical decisions made on the job can have long-term career effects. Many IT organizations have a(n) code of ethics designed to help computer professionals make tough decisions. Additional help in making ethical decisions can also be obtained from knowledgeable friends, mentors, lawyers, and workplace counselors. Computer professionals who are compelled to become and speak out against on-the-job activities that threaten the public interest should understand the potential legal and career risks before they proceed.

Data is processed, stored, and transmitted as a series of 1s and 0s. each 1 or 0 is called a(n) . a series of eight 0s and 1s, called a(n) , represents one character—a letter, number, or punctuation mark. data becomes when it is presented in a format that people can understand and use. digital signals are represented by two different , such as +5 volts and +.2 volts. digital data can also take the form of light and dark spots etched onto the surface of a cd or the positive and negative orientation of particles on the surface of a hard disk. data consists of numbers that might be used in arithmetic operations. it can be represented digitally using the number system. data is composed of letters, symbols, and numerals that are not used in arithmetic operations. computers represent this type of data using , ebcdic, unicode, or utf-8. data is quantified using terms such as or kibibyte (1024 bytes), and prefixes such as or mebi (1,048,576), and giga or (1,073,741,824). to reduce file size and transmission times, digital data can be compressed. compression provides the means to compress data and reconstitute it into its original state. compression throws away some of the original data during the compression process. compressed files usually have at the end of the file name and are represented with special icons. these files have to be or unzipped before you can view the data they contain.

An endless cycle of creation and response on the internet is called

Consider a byte-addressable computer with 16mb of main memory, a cache capable of storing a total of 64kb of data and block size of 32 bytes. (a) how many bits in the memory address? (b) how many blocks are in the cache? (c) specify the format of the memory address, including names and sizes, when the cache is: 1. direct-mapped 2. 4-way set associative 3. fully associative