Assume that you want to click on a link to obtain a Web page. The IP address for this link is not cached in your local host, so a DNS lookup is necessary to obtain the IP address corresponding to that link. Suppose that n DNS servers are visited before your host receives the IP address from DNS. The successive visits incur an RTT of RTT1 ,..., RTTn. Further suppose that the Web page contains one object(e. g. base file) but referencing 10 other objects on the same server, like images, audio, etc. Let RTT0 denote the RTT between the local host and the server containing objects above. Assuming zero transmission time of the objects, how much time elapses when the client clicks on the link until the client receives all the objects with: (1) Non-persistent connection without parallel TCP connection

(2) Non-persistent connection with 4 parallel TCP connections

(3) Persistent connection without pipelining

(4) Persistent connection with pipelining