A lot of data science work often involves plumbing, the process of getting messy data into a more useful format. Data plumbing is the focus of stage 1. We'll develop and test three functions that will be helpful in stage 2: get_mapping(path): this loads a file that can be used to lookup names from IDs
get_raw_movies(path): this loads movie data with info represented using IDs
get_movies(movies_path, mapping_path): this uses the other two functions to load movie data, then replace IDs with names
Start by writing a function that starts like this:
def get_mapping(path):
When called, the path should refer to one of the mapping files (e. g., "small_mapping. csv"). The function should return a dictionary that maps IDs (as keys) to names (as values), based on the file referenced by path. For example, this code:
mapping = get_mapping("small_mapping. csv")
print(mapping)
Should print this:
{
"nm0000131": "John Cusack",
"nm0000154": "Mel Gibson",
"nm0000163": "Dustin Hoffman",
"nm0000418": "Danny Glover",
"nm0000432": "Gene Hackman",
"nm0000997": "Gary Busey",
"nm0001149": "Richard Donner",
"nm0001219": "Gary Fleder",
"nm0752751": "Mitchell Ryan",
"tt0093409": "Lethal Weapon",
"tt0313542": "Runaway Jury"
}
Note that the mapping files do not have a CSV header, so hardcoding the column indexes is OK in this case.
The following questions pertain to small_mapping. csv unless otherwise specified.
Q1: What is returned by your get_mapping("small_mapping. csv") function?
In addition to displaying the result in the Out [N] area, keep the result in a variable for use in subsequent questions.

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Answer(frame).

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Iam not an expert, but i am somewhat familar with incrementation and decrementing variables.

also, i've done my research from some documentation and  stackexchange answers. there is a problem with the question and what it uses.

in the line

    a = ++a + ++a;
it is altering the same variable more than once in a single  expression.
in c, this is considered  undefined behavior. different compilers will evaluate this line differently. you cannot get a definite answer.  you will not see code like that in a real-life program. you are discouraged from writing code like that.

google up terms such as "increment decrement operator multiple" if you want to read more about this. you should probably bring that "a=++a + ++a; " line up with your teacher after doing some research of your own.

i will present some sort of assumption in my explanation when we come across that line. the explanations afterward involving different variables in a statement using ++ and -- should be definite and logical.



consider the line of code

{
    int a = 10
    int msg = 5 + a++;
    print msg, a;
}

the output will be 15 and 11 (in other words, msg is 15 and a is 11)
a++  will increment  after it is used in a statement.

the value used for "a++" in the line of cone is 10, not incremented. then after that line of code, the value of a will be increased by 1.



consider the line of code
{
    int a = 10
    int msg = 5 +  ++a;
    print msg, a;
}

the output will be 16 and 11 (in other words, msg is 16 and a is 11)
++a will increment  before  it is used in a statement.

the value of  a gets increased by 1 before it is used in the statement. so the actual math here is 5 + 11.



also, seeing -- has the same behavior, except it will decrement a variable by 1.

so --variable decrements the variable before it is used and
variable-- decrements the variable after it is used.



let us go through the example code step-by-step.

    int a=10,b=5;
    a = ++a + ++a;
i've mentioned at the top that the second line is an undefined statement, where different c compilers will yield different results.
i guess in this case
    a  =  ++a + ++a;

will have the final value of a be 24. my guess is that it will increment the variable a twice before the statement is even run; what actually gets added up is (10+2) + (10+2) = 24. again, it is bad code. 
this next batch of code is more workable; it is not incrementing/decrementing a variable multiple times in one line.
before the code below, we have a=24 and b=5.
    b = a-- - --b;

the a-- means that a will be decremented after it is used in the statement. so what is actually used for a--  in the statement is 24, not 23. it is only after that line of code when a becomes 23. 

the --b means that b will be decremented before it is used in the statement. so what is actually used for --b in the statement is 4. it decremented the initial value of 5 before it used it.

so the actual math of that line becomes b = 24 - 4, which is 20.

after that line, the value of a at 24 is decremented by 1 to become 23.

thus making the output 23 and 20.

i hope this you.
and you really should bring that problematic line up with your teacher.