An IP packet to be transmitted by Ethernet is 60 bytes long, including all its headers. If LLC is not in use, is padding needed in the Ethernet frame, and if so, how many bytes?

No padding

Explanation:

64 bytes is taken as the minimum Ethernet frame, this encompass checksum as well as addresses in the Ethernet frame header and length field. while the maximum Ethernet frame is 1518 bytes, any minimumEthernet frame that is short compare to that will need receiving stations to interpret it as a collision. The question specified that the IP packet to be transmitted by Ethernet as 60 bytes long. The header fields here can occupy 18 bytes, Then total frame size becomes 78 bytes. With the total frame size of 78 bytes(60 bytes+ 18 bytes) we can see it has exceeded the 64-byte minimum. Hence there is no padding used.

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