Discuss the differences between patents, copyrights, and trademarks as related to innovation.

Effective character encoding requires standardized code. compatible browsers. common languages. identical operating systems.

Use a physical stopwatch to record the length of time it takes to run the program. calculate the difference obtained by calls to the method system.currenttimemillis() just before the start of the algorithm and just after the end of the algorithm. calculate the difference obtained by calls to the method system.currenttimemillis() at the start of the program and at the end of the program so that the elapsed time includes the display of the result. use the value returned by the method system.currenttimemillis() just after the end of the algorithm as the elapsed time.

Describe a data structures that supports the stack push and pop operations and a third operation findmin, which returns the smallest element in the data structure, all in o(1) worst-case time.