What are some of the common security weaknesses inherent in Unix or Linux based systems and what techniques can be used to harden these systems against an attack?

The answer is below

Explanation:

1.  Lack of password enforcement

2.  Outdated third party applications: this includes outdated software such as Apache, PHP, MySQL, OpenSSL, and VNC

3.  General lack of patch management for the OS

4.  General lack of system hardening:

5.  Lack of backups

Ways to hardened the Linux/Unix based computer system is do the following:

1.  Perform minimal Installation: this involves, installing softwares that are necessary, and limiting the number of admin users on the computer system.

2.  Carry out Code Auditing: this is a means of preventing security issues, by withing more secure softwares to prevent variable declarations, or otherwise unexpected logic.

3.  Ensure there is a Traffic filter firewall: this will helps to attacks from external users or hackers. Install, Web Applicatio firewall, which helps to filter out traffic.

4.  Carry out Softwares updates: a software update can help prevent or guide against security leaks in a software

5.  Install security updates only: this is done by filtering out the security-related programs and only upgrade packages which are referred to in the custom file.

solution:

the right option is a

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thus this is the required right answer.