a. One problem with the previous exercise is that it does not deal with the case when we "drop off the end" of the alphabet (or ASCII encodings). A true Caesar cipher does the shifting in a circular fashion where the next character after "z" is "a". Modify your solution to the previous problem to make it circular. You may assume that the input consists only of letters and spaces. b. Write a program that counts the number of words in a sentence entered by the user. c. Write a program that calculates the average word length in a sentence entered by the user.

1. the program must provide following functions to extract some statistics. note that the data_list parameter specified in these functions may be the same for all functions or different for different functions—that is your choice. a skeleton file is provided on mirmir. a) open_file()prompts the user to enter a year number for the data file. the program will check whether the year is between 1990 and 2015 (both inclusive). if year number is valid, the program will try to open data file with file name ‘year.txt’, where is the year. appropriate error message should be shown if the data file cannot be opened or if the year number is invalid. this function will loop until it receives proper input and successfully opens the file. it returns a file pointer and year. i. hint: use string concatenation to construct the file name b) read_file(fp)has one parameter, a file pointer read. this function returns a list of your choosing containing data you need for other parts of this project. c) find_average(data_list) takes a list of data (of some organization of your choosing) and returns the average salary. the function does not print anything. hints: i. this is not the average of the last column of data. it is not mathematically valid to find an average by finding the average of averages—for example, in this case there are many more in the lowest category than in the highest category. ii. how many wage earners are considered in finding the average (denominator)

The two main ways in which marketers address the competition with their strategies are by satisfying a need better than a competition and by

Who can provide you with a new password when you have forgotten your old one? your provide you with a new password in case you forget your old one.