Consider a demand-paging system with the following time-measured utilizations: CPU utilization 20% Paging disk 97.7% Other I/O devices 5% For each of the following, indicate whether it will (or is likely to) improve CPU utilization. Explain your answers. a. Install a faster CPU. b. Install a bigger paging disk. c. Increase the degree of multiprogramming. d. Decrease the degree of multiprogramming. e. Install more main memory. f. Install a faster hard disk or multiple controllers with multiple hard disks. g. Add prepaging to the page-fetch algorithms. h. Increase the page size.

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Explanation:

a. Install a faster CPU. NO

Optional: a faster CPU reduces the CPU utilizationfurther since the CPU will spend more time waiting for a process toenter in the ready queue.

b. Install a bigger paging disk. NO

Optional: the size of the paging disk does not affect theamount of memory that is needed to reduce the pagefaults.

c. Increase the degree of multiprogramming NO

Since each process would have fewer frames available andthe page fault rate would increase

d. Decrease the degree of multiprogramming. YES

Optional: by suspending some of the processes, the otherprocesses will have more frames in order to bring their pages inthem, hence reducing the page faults.

e. Install more main memory. Likely

Optional: more pages can remain resident and do notrequire paging to or from the disks.

f. Install a faster hard disk or multiplecontrollers with multiple hard disks. Likely

(Optional)

g. Add prepaging to the page-fetchalgorithms. Likely

(Optional.)

h. Increase the page size. NO

Since each process would have fewer frames available and the page fault rate would increase

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