Consider an operating system that have three process states, READY, BLOCKED, and RUN- NING. The READY state means that the process is waiting to be assigned to a processor. The RUUNING state means that instructions of the process are being executed on the CPU. The BLOCKED state means that the process is waiting for an I/O completion event. Answer the following questions:
(a) Draw a process state transition diagram.
(b) Explain what may cause a process to enter each state, and when a scheduling decision must be made to switch to a different process.
(c) Explain the concept of context switch and the source of context switch cost.
(d) Can the operating system support preemptive scheduling?
2. Let us consider the following C program running in a POSIX system. int main() { fork() fork) fork() return 0;
(a) How processes will be created?
(b) Justify your answer.