Suppose Bob and Alice want to flip a coin over a network and decide who is the winner. Alice proposes the following protocol.

(i) Alice randomly selects a value X in {0,1} (i. e., either 0 or 1).
(ii) Alice generates a 256-bit random symmetric key K.
(iii) Using the AES cipher, Alice computes Y = E(X, R,K), where R consists of 255 randomly selected bits.
(iv) Alice sends Y to Bob.
(v) Bob guesses a value Z £ {0,1} and tells Alice.
(vi) Alice gives the key K to Bob who computes (X, R) = D(Y, K).
(vii) If X = Z then Bob wins, otherwise Alice wins.

This protocol is insecure.

a. Explain how Alice can cheat.
b. Using a cryptographic hash function h, modify this protocol so that Alice cannot cheat.

Writing a modular program in visual c++. i am new to this and not sure what i am missing. i am getting the following error: baddate.cpp: in function ‘int main()’: baddate.cpp: 50: 3: error: ‘else’ without a previous ‘if’elsehere are the instructions and code: writing a modular program in c++in this lab, you add the input and output statements to a partially completed c++ program. when completed, the user should be able to enter a year, a month, and a day. the program then determines if the date is valid. valid years are those that are greater than 0, valid months include the values 1 through 12, and valid days include the values 1 through 31.notice that variables have been declared for you.write the simulated housekeeping() function that contains the prompts and input statements to retrieve a year, a month, and a day from the user.include the output statements in the simulated endofjob() function. the format of the output is as follows: month/day/year is a valid date.ormonth/day/year is an invalid date.execute the program entering the following date: month = 5, day = 32, year = 2014. record the output of this program.execute the program entering the following date: month = 9, day = 21, year = 2002. record the output of this /* program name: baddate.cppfunction: this program determines if a date entered by the user is valid.input: interactiveoutput: valid date is printed or user is alerted that an invalid date was entered*/#include bool validatedate(int, int, int); using namespace std; int main(){// declare variablesint year; int month; int day; const int min_year = 0, min_month = 1, max_month = 12, min_day = 1, max_day = 31; bool validdate = true; // this is the work of the housekeeping() method// get the year, then the month, then the daycout< < "enter the year"< > year; cout< < "enter the month"< > month; cout< < "enter the day"< > day; // this is the work of the detailloop() method// check to be sure date is validif(year < = min_year) // invalid yearvaliddate = false; else if (month < min_month || month > max_month) // invalid monthvaliddate = false; else if (day < min_day || day > max_day) // invalid dayvaliddate = false; // this is the work of the endofjob() method// test to see if date is valid and output date and whether it is valid or notif(validdate == true); {// output statementcout<

Which sentences describe the things you need to ensure while creating a sketch and a drawing? while an artistic or creative drawing is a creative expression, a technical drawing is an informative expression. you need to create accurate and neat drawings to convey accurate information. a technical drawing clearly conveys its meaning or information, and does not leave room for interpretation maintain a good speed while creating drawings

The footer area of a web page generally houses which website feature? terms of use web page content business name or title menu headings